Amateka yicyubahiro yubwihindurize yinganda zangiza imyanda

Amateka y’imyuka mvaruganda yatangiriye mu ntangiriro yikinyejana cya 20, igihe hakenewe gukurwaho umukungugu n’imyanda mu nganda zinyuranye byabaye ingenzi. Inganda, inganda zikora n’ahantu hubakwa byatangaga umukungugu mwinshi, imyanda, n’ibikoresho by’imyanda. Uburyo gakondo bwo gukora isuku, nkibihumyo no gukubura intoki, ntibyari bihagije kugirango habeho igipimo nuburemere bwumwanda winganda. Ibi byatumye hashakishwa ibisubizo byiza byogusukura, bishyiraho urufatiro rwiterambere ryogusukura imyanda.

Inkomoko y’isuku ry’inganda zishobora guturuka ku kuvumbura icyuho cya mbere cy’imashini mu myaka ya za 1860 na Daniel Hess. Ariko, mu myaka ya za 1900 ni bwo isuku y’imyanda itangira gushingwa.

Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1800, abahimbyi batangiye kugerageza ibikoresho bishobora gukuramo umwanda n'imyanda. Porotipi zimwe za mbere zashingiraga kumahame yoroshye yubukanishi, ukoresheje umuyaga cyangwa umuyaga kugirango ushire. Kurugero, habayeho kunyuranya nuburyo busa ninzogera zagerageje gukuramo umukungugu.Ibi bigeragezo hakiri kare, nubwo byambere, byashizeho urwego rwo gukomeza guhanga udushya. Batanze igitekerezo cyambere cyo gukoresha ingufu zokunywa kugirango bakureho imyanda iva mu nganda, nyuma ikaza gutunganywa igatezwa imbere mu buhanga buhanitse bwo mu nganda.

Kuza kwa moteri y'amashanyarazi

Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, iterambere rya moteri y’amashanyarazi ryahinduye inganda zangiza inganda. Amashanyarazi akoreshwa namashanyarazi yatangaga amasoko akomeye cyane ugereranije nabababanjirije. Imikoreshereze ya moteri yamashanyarazi yatumaga isoko yingufu zihoraho kandi zizewe, zituma imikorere myiza mukusanya imyanda ihumanya inganda.

Ubwihindurize bwa sisitemu yo kuyungurura

Mugihe isuku yimyanda yinganda yarushijeho kwiyongera, akamaro ka sisitemu yo kuyungurura yagaragaye. Uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuyungurura burimo ecran yoroshye cyangwa muyungurura kugirango birinde ibice binini birukanwa mu kirere. Nyamara, hamwe n’ukwiyongera gukenewe kwumwuka mwiza mubidukikije byinganda, tekinoroji yateye imbere yo kuyungurura.

Mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, abayikora batangiye gushyiramo filteri nziza-nziza ishobora gufata umukungugu mwiza. Ibi ntabwo byazamuye ikirere gusa mu kazi ahubwo byanarinze moteri isukura vacuum nibindi bice byangirika biterwa no kwirundanya umukungugu.

Kwaguka mubishushanyo mbonera

Ubwiyongere bw'inganda zitandukanye bwatumye habaho itandukaniro mugushushanya n'imikorere yabasukura imyanda. Kurugero, mu nganda zikora amamodoka, hakenewe isuku ya vacuum yashoboraga kweza uduce duto, bigoye kugera imbere mumodoka. Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere ryimikorere yoroheje kandi yoroheje hamwe nimigereka yihariye.

Mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, abasukura imyanda bagombaga kuba bujuje ubuziranenge bw’isuku kandi bagashobora gukoresha ibikoresho byumye kandi bitose. Abahinguzi basubije bashiraho icyitegererezo cyubaka ibyuma kandi sisitemu ikwiye yo kuyungurura kugirango birinde kwanduzanya.

Amateka y’abasukura imyanda munganda ni gihamya yo gukomeza guhanga udushya no guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’ibikenerwa n’inganda. Kuva mu ntangiriro zabo zicisha bugufi kugeza ku mashini zigezweho muri iki gihe, icyuho cy’inganda cyagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura umutekano w’akazi no gukora neza. Mugihe tugenda dutera imbere, gukomeza guhanga udushya muriki gice birasezeranya ibisubizo byiza kandi birambye.